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Paronychia drainage is a medical procedure used to treat paronychia, an infection of the skin around the nail, typically on the fingers or toes. Paronychia can be acute or chronic, with the acute form usually caused by bacterial infections, often from Staphylococcus aureus, while chronic paronychia is often related to fungal infections or repeated exposure to moisture and irritants. The infection leads to the accumulation of pus in the soft tissue surrounding the nail, causing pain, redness, swelling, and tenderness. The primary cause of acute paronychia is a break in the skin barrier around the nail, such as a hangnail, nail biting, finger sucking, trauma from a manicure or pedicure, or prolonged exposure to water and chemicals. These breaches allow bacteria to enter and infect the tissue. Chronic paronychia often results from repeated irritation, moisture exposure, or contact with allergens, making the skin more susceptible to infections over time. Individuals with occupations that involve frequent handwashing, exposure to water, or handling chemicals, such as healthcare workers, dishwashers, and cleaners, are at a higher risk for developing chronic paronychia. Symptoms of paronychia include pain, swelling, redness, and warmth around the nail. In acute cases, pus accumulation may lead to a visible abscess or blister filled with yellow or white fluid. If left untreated, the infection can spread deeper into the finger or toe, causing more severe pain, cellulitis, or, in rare cases, systemic infection. The drainage of paronychia involves making a small incision or puncture in the abscess to release the accumulated pus and alleviate pain and pressure. The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia to numb the area, ensuring patient comfort. Once the pus is drained, the area is cleaned, and in some cases, a small wick or gauze strip may be placed in the incision to keep it open and allow continued drainage. The use of antibiotics may be necessary if there is a concern for bacterial infection, particularly in cases with extensive cellulitis or in patients with compromised immune systems. Complications from paronychia drainage are uncommon but can include bleeding, infection, scarring, and, rarely, nail deformities if the infection affects the nail matrix. There is also the possibility of recurrence, especially if the underlying causes, such as nail trauma or exposure to moisture, are not addressed. After the procedure, proper wound care, including keeping the area clean, dry, and protected, is essential to prevent further infection and promote healing. In chronic cases, avoiding prolonged moisture exposure and protecting the hands and feet with gloves or barrier creams can help prevent recurrence. Paronychia drainage is a straightforward and effective procedure that can provide significant relief from symptoms and prevent further complications.